Influence of Perceived Stress on Dysmenorrhea Severity among Female University Students in Iraq

Objective: Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is a common issue among young women, particularly university students, and has a significant impact on their daily functioning. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress levels and the severity of dysmenorrhea among female university students.

Methods and Materials: A correlational study was conducted involving 367 female students from the University of Karbala, aged 18 to 25 years, selected through convenience sampling. Stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), while the severity of dysmenorrhea was measured using the WaLIDD scale. Demographic data were also collected. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and simple linear regression.

Findings: The majority of participants (89.6%) reported moderate stress levels (mean score: 21.09 ± 4.023), while the severity of dysmenorrhea was 8.34 ± 1.381 (mean score: 8.34 ± 1.381). Regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between stress levels and dysmenorrhea severity (β = 0.224; p = 0.009). For each unit increase in stress levels, a 0.0753 unit increase in dysmenorrhea severity was predicted.

Conclusion: The study emphasizes that higher stress levels worsen dysmenorrhea, highlighting the importance of psychological factors in menstrual health. Stress management interventions, such as counselling and relaxation techniques, can help reduce the impact of dysmenorrhea. Universities should implement programs to support students' well-being, including education on menstrual health, self-care, physical activity, and access to healthcare services, including gynaecological and psychological support.