Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Reduce Pain and Fear in Children Undergoing IV Cannulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Objective: Distraction techniques are among the most effective nursing interventions for managing pain and fear in children undergoing IV cannulation. Techniques such as bubble blowing, cartoons, and the Buzzy device help children cope with procedural pain and anxiety better. This study aims to assess the levels of pain and fear experienced during IV cannulation in preschool-aged children and to determine the effectiveness of distraction techniques in reducing these levels.
Methods and Materials: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 preschool-aged children undergoing IV cannulation at Karbala Children's Teaching Hospital. Participants were randomly assigned to three intervention groups (Buzzy device, cartoon film, and bubbles game) and a control group. Pain levels were measured using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, and fear levels were assessed with the McMurtry Children's Fear Scale during and after the procedure. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.26. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) were employed to evaluate group differences, with a significance level set at p≤ .05.
Findings: Findings indicate that the Buzzy device was most effective in reducing pain (P<0.001). At the same time, the bubbles game proved most effective in reducing fear levels (P<0.001) following the application of the distraction techniques.
Conclusion: The study concludes that targeted distraction techniques, such as the Buzzy device and bubble blowing, can effectively manage and reduce pain and fear in children undergoing venous cannulation. These findings have practical implications for healthcare professionals, equipping them with effective strategies to improve the pediatric patient's experience during IV cannulation.
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