Attitudes of Primary Healthcare Centers Workers' towards Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Downloads
Objective: The appearance of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has developed as a promising solution to develop healthcare efficiency and improve patient outcomes. The objective of the study was to assess the primary healthcare centers worker’s attitudes towards artificial intelligence in healthcare.
Methods and Materials: A descriptive cross-sectional study design has been carried out from period 9 October, 2024 to 1st March, 2025. Non-probability (purposive) sample of (451) primary healthcare centers workers from (12) primary healthcare centers in Baghdad City centers, were selected to participate in the study. Data were collected through a self-report instrument that includes the socio-demographic data (age, sex, marital states, job description, educational qualification, years of experience and AI training), Likert scale of primary healthcare worker’s attitudes towards AI. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.
Findings: The study results reveals that, more than quarter of the participant age (28.1-34) years (n=115;25.5%), The majority of the study participants didn’t participate in training course regarding artificial intelligence (96.7%). More than third of the study participants have 6-10 years’ experience in primary healthcare centers (34.6%). More than half of the study participant have positive attitudes towards artificial intelligence in healthcare (54.33%). There was a statistical significant positive correlation between the participants age, educational qualification, years of experience and the level attitudes towards artificial intelligence in healthcare (r=.208 at p <0.01: r=.396 at p<0.05: r=.136 at p =0.01) respectively.
Conclusion: The study concluded that, more than half of primary healthcare centers workers have positive attitudes regarding artificial intelligence in healthcare. There are statistical significant association between the primary healthcare centers workers and their age, educational qualification and years of experience. The study recommended that, holding continuous periodic training sessions activities to primary healthcare centers workers to enhance their attitude toward AI to provide more effective healthcare. Further studies related to use of artificial intelligence techniques in the field of primary health care should be conducted on a larger sample size.
Downloads
Abd-Alabass, Z. A., & Faraj, R. K. (2021). Evaluation of Health Care Workers' Knowledge about Health Promotion at Primary Health Care Centers in Al-Hilla City. Annals of RSCB, 25(4), 16028. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zain-Alabdien-Alhussainy/publication/356474714_Evaluation_of_Health_Care_Workers'_Knowledge_about_Health_Promotion_at_Primary_Health_Care_Centers_in_Al-Hilla_City/links/619d484b07be5f31b7af7bc9/Evaluation-of-Health-Care-Workers-Knowledge-about-Health-Promotion-at-Primary-Health-Care-Centers-in-Al-Hilla-City.pdf
Ahmed, M. S. H., Mohammed, Z. J., & Kareem, R. F. (2023). Efficacy of Health Belief Model-Based Intervention for Enhancing Nursing Staff Beliefs Regarding Osteoporosis Prevention at Primary Health Care Centers. Pakistan Heart Journal, 56(02), 372-377. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=0971720X&AN=152719739&h=DIpJ9ZFSMS24x16eF8IBl%2Fa2i7%2FOc3hVaCIFBtFtaaOAEglyVORNFloaoPEaputo00qv0zWPUN9NeYfEN0FBlg%3D%3D&crl=c
Alnaser, H. (2022). Evaluation of Job Satisfaction among Nurses Working at Primary Health Care Centers in Samawa City. Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties, 35(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.58897/injns.v35i2.582
Ameen, K. J., & Hussein, H. A. (2023). Evaluation of the Psychological Empowerment among Nurses at Primary Health Care Centers. Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/injns.2023.10.002
Civaner, M., Uncu, Y., Bulut, F., Chalil, E. G., & Tatli, A. (2022). Artificial intelligence in medical education: a cross-sectional needs assessment. BMC Medical Education, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03852-3
Department of Health and Social Care. (2019). The Topol review: preparing the healthcare workforce to deliver the digital future. https://topol.hee.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/HEE-Topol-Review-2019.pdf
Dos Santos, D. P., Giese, D., & Brodehl, S. (2019). Medical students' attitude towards artificial intelligence: a multicentre survey. Eur Radiol, 29, 1640-1646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5601-1
Fitzek, S., & Choi, A. (2024). Shaping future practices: German-speaking medical and dental students' perceptions of artificial intelligence in healthcare. BMC Medical Education, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05826-z
Gong, B., Nugent, J. P., & Guest, W. (2019). Influence of artificial intelligence on Canadian medical students' preference for radiology specialty: a national survey study. Acad Radiol, 26, 566-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2018.10.007
Hadi, A., & Fadhil, M. (2020). Evaluation of staff nurses' performance at primary health care centers in Baghdad City. Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties, 33(2), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.58897/injns.v33i2.412
Hajesfandyari, J., Abbasinejad, S., Oladi, N., Taghavi, T., Lavasani, E., Jafari, A. A., Baghani, M., & Akhlaghdoust, M. (2024). Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Practice Among Iranian Physicians and Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey.
Hsiao, C. (2019). Attitudes: authorial stance in the review genre of Taiwanese MA graduates. Journal of Teaching English for Specific and Academic Purposes, 171-183. https://doi.org/10.22190/JTESAP1902171H
Juravle, G., Boudouraki, A., Terziyska, M., & Rezlescu, C. (2020). Trust in artificial intelligence for medical diagnoses. In Progress in brain research (pp. 263-282). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.06.006
Lovis, C. (2019). Unlocking the power of artificial intelligence and big data in medicine. J Med Internet Res, 21(11), e16607. https://doi.org/10.2196/16607
Maskara, R., Bhootra, V., & Thakkar, D. (2017). A study on the perception of medical professionals towards artificial intelligence. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev, 4(4), 34-39. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12904-021-00787-2
Murad, H. (2024). Artificial Intelligence In The Future Of Iraqi Healthcare System. JOINCS (Journal of Informatics, Network, and Computer Science), 7(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.21070/joincs.v7i1.1635
Oh, S., Kim, J. H., & Choi, S. (2019). Physician confidence in artificial intelligence: an online mobile survey. J Med Internet Res, 21(3), e12422. https://doi.org/10.2196/12422
Pandya, S., Patel, C., Sojitra, B., Patel, J., Shah, P., & Shah, A. (2024). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Artificial Intelligence Among Healthcare Professionals at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South Gujarat. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.73948
Purohit, A., Smith, J., & Hibble, A. (2022). Does AI have a role in primary care? A qualitative study of primary care practitioners' perspectives. BMJ open, 12(3), e057781. https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-0039-1677901
Rajkomar, A., Dean, J., & Kohane, I. (2019). Machine Learning in Medicine. N Engl J Med, 380(14), 1347-1358. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1814259
Reddy, S., Fox, J., & Purohit, M. P. (2020). Artificial intelligence-enabled healthcare delivery. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 113(1), 5-10. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0141076818815510
Rehman, F., Omair, M., Zeeshan, N., & Khurram, S. (2024). Healthcare Professionals' Attitudes, Knowledge, and Practices Concerning AI in Relation to Their Clinical Opinions and Decision-Making. Human Nature Journal of Social Sciences, 5(4), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.71016/hnjss/bm22qh45
Robert, N. (2019). How artificial intelligence is changing nursing. Nurs Manage, 50(9), 30-39. https://journals.lww.com/nursingmanagement/fulltext/2019/09000/How_artificial_intelligence_is_changing_nursing.8.aspx/1000
Salam, H. A., & Aziz, A. (2020). Effectiveness of Health Education Program on Health Care Providers' Knowledge toward Immunization of Children at Primary Health Care Centers in Kirkuk City. Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.58897/injns.v33i1.408
Sarwar, S., Dent, A., & Faust, K. (2019). Physician perspectives on integration of artificial intelligence into diagnostic pathology. NPJ Digit Med, 2, 28. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0106-0
Selman, H., & Arkan, B. (2017). Impact of an Education Program on Health care workers' Knowledge toward Infection Control at Primary Health Care Centers in Holy Karbala City. International Journal of Asian Academic Research Associates, 4(3), 59. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/5/e044111.abstract
Shehab, A. Y., & Khalifa, M. F. (2021). Evaluation of the Current Challenges of Nursing Students about Online Nursing Education at the Middle Region in Iraq. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 25(5), 4864-4870. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdullah-Shihab/publication/351918933_Evaluation_of_the_Current_Challenges_of_Nursing_Students_about_Online_Nursing_Education_at_the_Middle_Region_in_Iraq/links/60b002aa299bf13438efde74/Evaluation-of-the-Current-Challenges-of-Nursing-Students-about-Online-Nursing-Education-at-the-Middle-Region-in-Iraq.pdf
Tezpal, M., Ghosh, S., Lalwani, R., Yadav, J., & Yadav, A. K. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Health Care-A Study on Perceptions of and Readiness for Artificial Intelligence in Health-care Professionals. Journal of Marine Medical Society, 26(3), 376-381. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmms.jmms_161_23
Topol, E. J. (2019). High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nature medicine, 25(1), 44-56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7
Tuoma, N. (2021). Evaluation of Quality of Nursing Care Services Provided to Children under Five Years Based on Integrated Management of Child Health at Primary Health Care Centers in Baquba City. Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties, 34(1). https://doi.org/10.58897/injns.v34i1.454
van Hartskamp, M., Consoli, S., & Verhaegh, W. (2019). Artificial intelligence in clinical health care applications: viewpoint. Interact J Med Res, 8(2), e12100. https://doi.org/10.2196/12100
Wadah, H. A. A., & Mohammed, Z. J. (2022). Influence of Workplace Violence upon Job Satisfaction among Nurses at Primary healthcare Center in Samawa City. Res Militaris, 12(2), 4276-4283. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12955-019-1164-3
World Health Organization. (2021). Primary health care on the road to universal health coverage: 2019 monitoring report. https://policycommons.net/artifacts/539718/primary-health-care-on-the-road-to-universal-health-coverage/1516481/
Wu, H., Chan, N., & Zhang, C. J. P. (2019). The role of the sharing economy and artificial intelligence in health care: opportunities and challenges. J Med Internet Res, 21(10), e13469. https://doi.org/10.2196/13469
Yu, K., Beam, A. L., & Kohane, I. S. (2018). Artificial intelligence in healthcare. Nat Biomed Eng, 2(10), 719-731. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-018-0305-z
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
