The Effectiveness of Multidimensional Spiritual Therapy on Ego-Identity Status, Mental Toughness, and Negative Emotions in Adolescents
Downloads
Objective: This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual therapy on ego identity status, mental toughness, and negative emotions in adolescent children of martyr families.
Methods and Materials: The research method was applied and semi-experimental, using a pre-test–post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all adolescent children of martyr families in Islamshahr County in the first half of 2025. A sample of 30 participants was selected using purposive non-random sampling, and then randomly assigned to an experimental group (15 participants) and a control group (15 participants). Data were collected using the Mental Toughness Questionnaire by Clough (2002), the Identity Questionnaire by Robinion and Adams (2007), and the Negative Emotions Questionnaire (Triple Negative Emotions) by Lovibond & Lovibond (1998), known as the DASS-21. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis in SPSS software.
Findings: The results showed that multidimensional spiritual therapy had a significant effect on ego identity status, mental toughness, and negative emotions in adolescents (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that this therapy can be utilized to reduce negative emotions and enhance identity status and mental toughness.
Downloads
Adams, G. R., Bennion, L., & Huh, K. (1989). Objective measure of ego-identity status: A reference manual. Department of Family Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2709099
Afek, A., Ben-Avraham, R., Davidov, A., Berezin Cohen, N., Ben Yehuda, A., Gilboa, Y., & Nahum, M. (2021). Psychological resilience, mental health, and inhibitory control among youth and young adults under stress. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 608588. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.608588
Afsanepurak, S., & VAEZ, M. M. (2014). Reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Questionnaire Mental Toughness-48. https://sid.ir/paper/250812/en
Anthony‐McMann, P. E., Ellinger, A. D., Astakhova, M., & Halbesleben, J. R. (2017). Exploring different operationalizations of employee engagement and their relationships with workplace stress and burnout. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 28(2), 163-195. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21276
Clough, P. (2002). Narratives and fictions in educational research. https://philpapers.org/rec/CLONAF
Etehadi, E., Pakdaman, S., & Saleheseghpor, B. (2013). Psychometric properties and standardization of the Ego Identity Process Questionnaire. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 27-34. https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67808.html
Faraji, F., Nouhi, S., Peiade-koohsar, A., & Janbozorgi, M. (2021). The effectiveness of god-given multidimensional spiritual therapy on perceived spirituality and self-concept-god-concept among Red Crescent staff with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Studies in Islam and Psychology, 15(28), 185-201. https://10.30471/psy.2021.7276.1785
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2012). Emotion regulation questionnaire. Journal of personality and social psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.09.006
Gucciardi, D. F. (2017). Mental toughness: progress and prospects. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.010
Jan Bozorgi, M. (2015). Principles of Multidimensional Spiritual Psychotherapy. Journal of Islamic Psychology, 1(1), 9-45. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329182719_Principles_of_Spiritually_Multidimensional_Psychotherapy_SMP_Quarterly_Journal_of_Islamic_Psychology_1_1_9-45
Lovibond, P. F. (1998). Long-term stability of depression, anxiety, and stress syndromes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107(3), 520. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.107.3.520
Mohammadiyas, F., Namvar, M., Kardi, Z., Esmaeilzadeh, S., & Khaleghyan-Chaleshtory, T. (2023). The Effectiveness of Family Therapy on Psychological Capital of Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder. International Journal of Body, Mind & Culture (2345-5802), 10(4). https://doi.org/10.22122/ijbmc.v10i4.508
Navari, S., Yekan, M., Hosseini, M. S., Shapari, B., & Khavat-Hesar, N. (2024). The Effectiveness of Spiritual Intelligence Training on Resilience and Psychological Well-Being of Adolescents with High-Risk Behaviors. International Journal of Body, Mind & Culture (2345-5802), 11(1). https://doi.org/10.22122/ijbmc.v11i1.511
Orben, A., Tomova, L., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2020). The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(8), 634-640. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30186-3
Paydariniyam, M., Nikzad, Z., Khansari, M., Dabbaghha, Z., & Khaksar, M. (2025). Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in the Families of Martyrs and War Veterans: Impacts on Mental Health Disorders. International Journal of Body, Mind & Culture (2345-5802), 12(3). https://doi.org/10.61838/ijbmc.v12i3.859
Richards, P. S. (2005). Theistic integrative psychotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1037/e568462011-002
Sa'adah, U. L., Hanafi, Y., Rahmawati, H., & Setiyowati, N. (2025). Validation of a Mental Toughness Scale for Adolescents: A Study of Islamic Boarding School Students in Indonesia. International Journal of Body, Mind & Culture (2345-5802), 12(3). https://doi.org/10.61838/ijbmc.v12i3.864
Unterrainer, H. F. (2023). The multidimensional measurement of religious/spiritual well-being: recent developments in scale validation and clinical applications. Religions, 14(7), 882. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14070882
Yaghubi, M., Abdekhoda, M., & Khani, S. (2019). Effectiveness of religious-spiritual group therapy on spiritual health and quality of life in methadone-treated patients: a randomized clinical trial. Addiction & Health, 11(3), 156. https://doi: 10.22122/ahj.v11i3.238
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.








