Clinical Psychology

Effects of Mode-Based Schema Therapy on Psychological Capital, Body Image, and Self-Esteem in Women Seeking Cosmetic Surgery with Histrionic Personality Symptoms

https://doi.org/10.61838/ijbmc.v13i2.719
Psychotherapy Cosmetic Techniques Body Image Self Concept Resilience

Authors

  • Saeideh Yazdani Department of Clinical Psychology, Ki.C., Islamic Azad University, Kish, Iran.
  • Mahtab Moraveji
    mahtab.moraveji@iau.ac.ir
    Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Za.c., Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
  • Mohammadreza Seyrafi Department of Health & Clinical Psychology, Ka.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
  • Elham Zarghami Department of Psychology, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran.
In Press
Quantitative Study(ies)

Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of mode-based schema therapy on psychological capital, body image, and self-esteem in women seeking cosmetic surgery who showed symptoms of histrionic personality disorder.

Methods and Materials: This applied quasi-experimental study used a pretest–posttest–follow-up design with an intervention group and a control group. Participants were women aged 20–45 years who attended cosmetic surgery clinics in Isfahan, Iran, during 2024–2025 and screened positive for histrionic personality symptoms using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. Eligible participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the mode-based schema therapy group or the control group. The intervention consisted of 12 weekly 90-minute group sessions. Data were collected using the Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Mixed repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used for data analysis.

Findings: Mode-based schema therapy significantly improved psychological capital, body image, and self-esteem over time. Significant time × group interaction effects were found for psychological capital (F = 29.735, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.482), body image (F = 26.120, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.449), and self-esteem (F = 26.684, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.471). Bonferroni comparisons showed significant improvements from pretest to posttest and from pretest to follow-up in psychological capital (p = 0.001), body image (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003), and self-esteem (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003), with no significant decline from posttest to follow-up.

Conclusion: Mode-based schema therapy was effective in improving psychological capital, body image, and self-esteem among women seeking cosmetic surgery with histrionic personality symptoms. This intervention may be used as a complementary psychological approach in cosmetic surgery settings.