Development of a Grounded Theory Based Model of Relational Listening in Couples
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Objective: The aim of this study is to present a model of relational listening in couples that outlines the structure of relational listening.
Methods and Materials: The present study is a grounded theory of qualitative research design within its constructivist methodology. The research population includes specialists in the fields of psychology and counseling, as well as married men and women. For sampling, the purposive sampling method was used. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation of the data was achieved, and ultimately, 21 participants (7 specialists in the field of psychology and counseling and 14 married men and women) were selected as the sample. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. Data coding for the analysis of the conducted interviews was performed using MAXQDA software in three stages: 1. Open coding, 2. Axial coding, and 3. Selective coding.
Findings: The results of the study indicate that the relational listening model derived from grounded theory comprises six main components, with the core category being listening wholeheartedly. The causal conditions identified in the model include cognitive, emotional, and behavioral (verbal and non-verbal) dimensions. The key contextual factor influencing the process is interest in the partner. Intervening conditions such as distractions, lack of emotional control, and interruptions can affect the effectiveness of listening. Strategies used to facilitate wholehearted listening are categorized into internal and external approaches. The outcomes of this model encompass communicative, cognitive, and mental health benefits, demonstrating the multifaceted impact of relational listening.
Conclusion: Ultimately, it can be said that being an active listener involves understanding the other person and then being understood. Until conversation partners feel acknowledged, they are less likely to resolve their conflicts.
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