Development and Validation of a Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training Package and Its Effectiveness on Hope among Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disabilities
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Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a mindfulness-based resilience training package and examine its effectiveness on hope among mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.
Methods and Materials: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods design was used. In the qualitative phase, previous studies were reviewed and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 mothers of children with mild intellectual disabilities until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. In the quantitative phase, 30 mothers were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The experimental group received a 12-session mindfulness-based resilience training package, while the control group received no intervention. Hope was assessed using the Miller Hope Scale. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.
Findings: Qualitative analysis identified 8 main themes and 67 indicators related to mindfulness and resilience, including emotion regulation, coping skills, support resources, meaning-making, acceptance, mindful parenting, and awareness of experience. Content validity evaluation by experts confirmed the adequacy of the developed package, with acceptable CVR and CVI values and a Cohen’s kappa coefficient above 0.75. Quantitative findings showed a significant time × group interaction for hope, F = 5.50, p = .007, η² = .164. The intervention group demonstrated higher hope scores compared with the control group at posttest (mean difference = 6.72, p = .004) and follow-up (mean difference = 6.67, p = .013). The effect remained stable after three months.
Conclusion: The mindfulness-based resilience training package is a valid and effective intervention for enhancing hope among mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.
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