The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Training on Psychological Distress Tolerance, Sexual Function, and Psychosocial Distress in Diabetic Patients
Downloads
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on psychological distress tolerance, sexual function, and psychosocial distress in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods and Materials: The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and a two-month follow-up, including a control group. The statistical population consisted of all women with type 2 diabetes who attended Kasra Hospital in Tehran. In this design, 30 women were selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group received eight sessions of 90-minute mindfulness-based stress reduction training. Participants completed the Psychological Distress Tolerance Questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index, and the Diabetes-Related Psychosocial Distress Scale before, after the intervention, and after the follow-up phase. Repeated measures ANOVA and SPSS software version 24 were used to analyze the data.
Findings: The results indicated that mindfulness-based stress reduction training was effective in improving psychological distress tolerance (P<0.01), sexual function (P<0.01), and psychosocial distress (P<0.01) in diabetic patients.
Conclusion: Mindfulness-based stress reduction training can be used to help diabetic patients improve their psychological distress tolerance, sexual function, and psychosocial distress.
Downloads
Abbasi Abrazgah, M., Bostansara, M., & Aghighi Ravan, F. (2024). The Model for Predicting Self-Harming Behaviors Based on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Emotional Distress Tolerance in Adolescents Visiting Harm Reduction Centers in Tehran: The Mediating Role of Internalized Shame. Applied Family Therapy Journal (AFTJ), 5(5), 164-172. https://journals.kmanpub.com/index.php/aftj/article/view/3527
Ammar, M., Trabelsi, L., Chaabene, A., Charfi, N., & Abid, M. (2017). Evaluation of sexual dysfunction in women with type 2 diabetes. Sexologies, 26(3), e17-e20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2016.09.004
Bagheri Sheykhangafshe, F., Saeedi, M., Ansarifar, N., Jalili, P., & Savabi Niri, V. (2021). Quality of Life and Psychological Distress in Diabetic Patients During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review Study [Review of Article]. Journal of Diabetes Nursing, 9(4), 1752-1765. http://jdn.zbmu.ac.ir/article-1-501-en.html
Bąk, E., Marcisz, C., Krzemińska, S., Dobrzyn-Matusiak, D., Foltyn, A., & Drosdzol-Cop, A. (2017). Relationships of sexual dysfunction with depression and acceptance of illness in women and men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(9), 1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091073
Banbury, S., Lusher, J., Snuggs, S., & Chandler, C. (2023). Mindfulness-based therapies for men and women with sexual dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 38(4), 533-555. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2021.1883578
Barghi Irani, Z., & Dehghan Saber, L. (2021). The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Therapy and Spiritual Therapy on Irrational Beliefs and Anxiety in the Older Women. Aging Psychology, 6(4), 339-321. https://doi.org/10.22126/jap.2021.5945.1492
Biglari, F., Asli Azad, M., & Miri Sangtarashani, S. A. (2022). Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognition Therapy on Covid-19 Anxiety and Distress Tolerance in the Patients Recovered from Corona Virus. Psychological Achievements, 29(2), 69-90. https://doi.org/10.22055/psy.2022.40247.2807
Brotto, L. A., & Basson, R. (2014). Group mindfulness-based therapy significantly improves sexual desire in women. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 57, 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.04.001
Brotto, L. A., Chivers, M. L., Millman, R. D., & Albert, A. (2016). Mindfulness-Based Sex Therapy Improves Genital-Subjective Arousal Concordance in Women With Sexual Desire/Arousal Difficulties. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(8), 1907-1921. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0689-8
Carpenter, J. K., Sanford, J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2019). The Effect of a Brief Mindfulness Training on Distress Tolerance and Stress Reactivity. Behavior therapy, 50(3), 630-645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2018.10.003
Chin, Y. W., Lai, P. S. M., & Chia, Y. C. (2017). The validity and reliability of the English version of the diabetes distress scale for type 2 diabetes patients in Malaysia. BMC Family Practice, 18, 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-017-0601-9
Christie, D., Thompson, R., Sawtell, M., Allen, E., Cairns, J., Smith, F., & Wiggins, M. (2014). Structured, intensive education maximizing engagement, motivation and long-term change for children and young people with diabetes: a cluster randomized controlled trial with the integral process and economic evaluation-the CASCADE study. Health Technology Assessment, 18(20), 1-202. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta18200
Coccaro, E. F., Lazarus, S., Joseph, J., Wyne, K., Drossos, T., Phillipson, L., & de Groot, M. (2020). Emotional Regulation and Diabetes Distress in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 44(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1059
Flotynska, J., Uruska, A., Michalska, A., Araszkiewicz, A., & Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz, D. (2019). Sexual dysfunction is a more common problem in young women with type 1 diabetes than in healthy women. Journal of sex & marital therapy, 45(7), 643-651. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623x.2019.1610121
Gonzalez, J. S., Shreck, E., Psaros, C., & Safren, S. A. (2015). Distress and type 2 diabetes-treatment adherence: A mediating role for perceived control. Health Psychology, 34(5), 505-513. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000131
Hackett, R. A., & Steptoe, A. (2017). Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress—a modifiable risk factor. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 13(9), 547-560. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2017.64
Haji-Adineh, S., Farzanfar, A., Salehi-Morekani, S., Vahidi, M., & Kalhornia-Golkar, M. (2019). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Life Expectancy and Depression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 6(2), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.22122/ijbmc.v6i2.160
Jąderek, I., Obarska, K., & Lew–Starowicz, M. (2023). Assessment of the Effect of Mindfulness Monotherapy on Sexual Dysfunction Symptoms and Sex-Related Quality of Life in Women. Sexual Medicine, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/sexmed/qfad022
Kashefizadeh, M., Taher, M., Hosseinkhanzadeh, A., & Haj Aboutalebi, N. (2022). The effecacy of motivational interview on intentional self-regulation, distress tolerance and psychological flexibility in men with substance abuse disorder undergoing maintenance therapy. Journal-of-Psychological-Science, 21(117), 1815-1832. https://doi.org/10.52547/JPS.21.117.1815
Kuniss, N., Kramer, G., Müller, U. A., Wolf, G., & Kloos, C. (2021). Diabetes-related distress is high in inpatients with diabetes. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 13(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-021-00659-y
Larraz, A. M. C., Moya, A. V., & Actis, C. C. (2023). Mindfulness-Based Intervention and Sexuality: A Systematic Review. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0459
Leavitt, C. E., Lefkowitz, E. S., & Waterman, E. A. (2019). The role of sexual mindfulness in sexual well-being, relational well-being, and self-esteem. Journal of sex & marital therapy, 45(6), 497-509. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623x.2019.1572680
Lin, C. Y., Potenza, M. N., Broström, A., Blycker, G. R., & Pakpour, A. H. (2019). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Sexuality (MBCT-S) Improves Sexual Functioning and Intimacy Among Older Women With Epilepsy: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Seizure, 73, 64-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2019.10.010
Moghtaderi Esfahani, S., Nayeb Darban, N., Ghasemi, M., Ejlal Noubarian, M., & Alimardani, S. (2024). The Relationship between Sleep Quality and Sexual Function in Married Women: The Mediating Role of Stress. Psychology of Woman Journal, 5(4), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.pwj.5.4.2
Moradpour, H., Akbari, B., & Mehregan, B. (2023). Investigating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on self-control and distress tolerance in adolescents with risky behaviors. Journal of Disability Studies, 13(1), 174-191. https://jdisabilstud.org/browse.php?a_id=3310&slc_lang=en&sid=1&printcase=1&hbnr=1&hmb=1
Moulton-Perkins, A., Moulton, D., Cavanagh, K., Jozavi, A., & Strauss, C. (2022). Systematic review of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction via group videoconferencing: Feasibility, acceptability, safety, and efficacy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 32(1), 110-130. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000216
Pidad, F., Motlagh, M. G., & Mafakheri, A. (2024). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Therapy and Transactional Analysis on Sexual Function and Marital Commitment in Female Patients With Bipolar Disorder. PWJ, 5(4), 120-130. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.pwj.5.4.14
Rasha Abed, H., Dhyaaldian, S. M. A., Merriam Ghadhanfar, A., Mohammed Wafqan, H., Abeer Ameen, B., Muneam Hussein, A., Safa, K. H., Zahraa Tariq, S., Huda Takleef, A., Bahaa Aldin Fawzi, S., & Shaker Holh, S. (2022). Psychometric Evaluation of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire among Iraqi Patients with Type II Diabetes. International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 9(2), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.22122/ijbmc.v9i2.400
Reddy, J., Wilhelm, K., & Campbell, L. (2013). Putting PAID to diabetes-related distress: the potential utility of the problem areas in diabetes (PAID) scale in patients with diabetes. Psychosomatics, 54(1), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2012.08.004
Seyed Ali Tabar, S. H., & Zadhasn, Z. (2023). Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Mental Pain, Distress Tolerance and Psychological Hardiness in Breast Cancer Patients. Health Nexus, 1(1), 56-63. https://doi.org/10.61838/hn.1.1.9
Silverstein, R. G., Brown, A. C. H., Roth, H. D., & Britton, W. B. (2011). Effects of mindfulness training on body awareness to sexual stimuli: implications for female sexual dysfunction. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73(9), 817-825. https://doi.org/10.1097/psy.0b013e318234e628
Ugli, A. K. M., Hussein, U. A.-R., Diwan, T. M., Mohammed, W. K., Ali, A. F., Amr, E. F., Muften, N. F., Hasan, A. H., Ganieva, N., Inoyatova, S., Sokhibov, A., Dadabaeva, S., & Zokirov, M. (2024). A Comprehensive Study on the Benefits of Education and Home-Based Follow-Up on Diabetes Awareness and Behavior Modifications in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Iraq: Home-based education for diabetes management in Iraq. International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 11(4), 398-410. https://doi.org/10.22122/ijbmc.v11i4.626
Whitebird, R. R., Kreitzer, M. J., Vazquez-Benitez, G., & Enstad, C. J. (2018). Reducing diabetes distress and improving self-management with mindfulness. Social Work in Health Care, 57(1), 48-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2017.1388898
Zamponi, V., Mazzilli, R., Bitterman, O., Olana, S., Iorio, C., Festa, C., & Napoli, A. (2020). Association between type 1 diabetes and female sexual dysfunction. BMC Women's Health, 20(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-00939-1
Zhu, P., Liu, X., Shang, X., Chen, Y., Chen, C., & Wu, Q. (2023). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Quality of Life, Psychological Distress, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Patients With Breast Cancer Under Early Chemotherapy-a Randomized Controlled Trial. Holistic Nursing Practice, 37(3), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.0000000000000580
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
