Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): January-February

Current Issue

Published: 2025-01-22

Editoroal

Body Psychotherapy in Somatic symptom disorder

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.904

Ulrich Sollmann ⁽¹⁾

(1) Psychotherapist, Boochum, Germany., Germany

1-6

Abstract : 276

PDF : 83
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.904

Theoretical Study(ies)

Pleasure, Power, Meaning, and Beyond: Towards a Biosemiotic Model of Wellbeing

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.905

Farzad Goli ⁽¹⁾

(1) The Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behi Academy, Vancouver, Canada. , Iran, Islamic Republic of

7-23

Abstract : 352

PDF : 98
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.905

Qualitative Study(ies)

Living with Emotional Deprivation: Investigating the Primary Representations of Mother/child Interaction in Female Patients with Psychosomatic Disorders Mother/child Interaction in Female Patients with Psychosomatic Disorders

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.706

Farokh Ostad-Mohammadali ⁽¹⁾, Anahita Khodabakhshi-Koolaee ⁽²⁾, Seyed Ali Hosseini-Almadani ⁽³⁾

(1) Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran, Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of

24-37

Abstract : 500

PDF : 79
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.706

Quantitative Study(ies)

The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Subjective Pain and Guilt in Individuals with a History of Suicide

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.661

Sara Valian ⁽¹⁾, Hamzeh Akbari ⁽²⁾, Arastoo Mirani ⁽³⁾

(1) PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of

38-43

Abstract : 207

PDF : 15
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.661
Predicting Couples' Communication Patterns based on the Health of the Original Family, Feelings of love, and Marriage Values

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.674

Nazanin Rezazadeh ⁽¹⁾, Mahmoud Shirazi ⁽²⁾, Bahareh Rouhi ⁽³⁾

(1) 1. Master's Degree in Psychology, Graduated from University of Sistan and baluchestan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology Graduated from International Campus of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of

44-51

Abstract : 178

PDF : 72
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.674
Comparing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Well-Being Therapy on the Quality of Life of Patients with Hypertension

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.903

Alireza Islami ⁽¹⁾, Bahram Mirzaian ⁽²⁾, Arsalan Khanmohammadi ⁽³⁾

(1) PhD Student of Health Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of

52-58

Abstract : 143

PDF : 48
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.903
Comparing the Effectiveness of Gottman Method Couple Therapy and Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy on the Emotional Abuse of Women with Addicted Husbands

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.707

Lena Taee ⁽¹⁾, Kobra Kazemiyan Moghadam ⁽²⁾, Maryam Gholamzadeh jofreh Gholamzadeh jofreh ⁽³⁾, Masoud Shahbazi ⁽⁴⁾

(1) Ph.D. student of counseling, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(4) Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Masjed Soleyman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleyman, Iran, Iran, Islamic Republic of

59-69

Abstract : 209

PDF : 276
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.707
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Death-Related Distress, Psychological Hardiness, and Psychological Symptoms in Breast Cancer Patients

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.726

Mojgan Aghahheris ⁽¹⁾, Soroush Pourmousaabkenar ⁽²⁾, Mahdieh Rahmanian ⁽³⁾, Ezzatollah Kordmirza Nikoozadeh ⁽⁴⁾

(1) 1. Associate professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) PhD. Student, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Associate professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(4) Associate professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran, Iran, Islamic Republic of

70-77

Abstract : 295

PDF : 84
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.726
The Role of Psychological Flexibility, Resilience, Self-efficacy, and Hope in Predicting Marital Satisfaction of Married Women

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.741

Samineh Razazan ⁽¹⁾

(1) MSc in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of

78-89

Abstract : 284

PDF : 77
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.741
Metacognitive Therapy for Dysfunctional Attitudes in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Controlled Study

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.721

Maedeh Rezaei ⁽¹⁾, Ghodratollah Abbasi ⁽²⁾, Pezhman Hadinezhad ⁽³⁾

(1) M.A., Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Assistant Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of

90-98

Abstract : 167

PDF : 49
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.721
The Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy on Self-Conscious Affect, Illness Perception, and Mental Rumination in Breast Cancer Patients

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.731

Amin Rafiepoor ⁽¹⁾, Ghazaleh Darvish ⁽²⁾, Masoomeh Parivar ⁽³⁾, Hossein Rostami ⁽⁴⁾, Ezzatollah Kordmirza Nikoozadeh ⁽⁵⁾

(1) Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) M.A., Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) M.A., Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(4) Research Center for Cognitive & Behavioral Sciences in Police, Directorate of Health, Rescue & Treatment, Police Headquarters, Tehran, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(5) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of

99-106

Abstract : 206

PDF : 47
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.731
The Effectiveness of a Counseling Program Based on Mind and Body Techniques in Developing the Self-Efficacy Among volunteer teachers to teach displaced children in the Gaza Strip

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.749

Khaled Mowanes ⁽¹⁾

(1) Associate Professor of Educational Psychology, Department of Counseling and Mental Health, Al-Quds Open University., Palestine, State of

107-119

Abstract : 179

PDF : 34
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.749
Comparison of Self-compassion and Shame between Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders and Depressive Disorders with Normal Adolescents Comparison of Self-compassion and Shame between Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders and Depressive Disorders with Normal Adolescents

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.710

Mona Samavati ⁽¹⁾, Elham Golabi ⁽²⁾, Sahar Shaibany ⁽³⁾, Zainab Saki ⁽⁴⁾, Somyeh Pakzad ⁽⁵⁾

(1) Department of Psychology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Department of Family Counseling, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad Univercity, Marvdasht, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Department of psychology, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(4) Department of Psychology, Fars Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(5) Department of Psychology, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of

120-128

Abstract : 263

PDF : 36
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.710
Prediction of Non-suicidal self-Injury Behaviors in Adolescents based on Psychological Stress Response with the Mediation of Coping Styles and the Moderating Role of Sleep Disorders

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.729

Shahdokht Azadi ⁽¹⁾, Ali Mohammadi ⁽²⁾, Mohammad Hossein Turkzadeh ⁽³⁾

(1) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran Branch. Gachsaran, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran Branch. Gachsaran, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran Branch. Gachsaran, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of

129-140

Abstract : 231

PDF : 43
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.729
Adolescents with Confrontational Disobedience and Social Incompatibility: An Experimental Approach

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.743

Mina Beshkoufeh ⁽¹⁾, Maryam Gholamzadeh Jofreh ⁽²⁾, Zahra Amanollahi ⁽³⁾, Marzieh Sharbafchizadeh ⁽⁴⁾, Fahimeh Fadakar Davarani ⁽⁵⁾

(1) Ph.D., Department of Counseling, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Assiatant Professor, Department of Counseling, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra university, Tehran, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(4) Assistant Professor, Department of Family-based Policy, Faculty of Family Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(5) Asistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’I University, Tehran, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of

141-149

Abstract : 265

PDF : 39
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.743
Comparing the Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Group Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Suicidal ideation and Emotional Security of Women with Major Depression

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.725

Mahbubeh Pourjafari ⁽¹⁾, Fatemesadat Mirshafiei ⁽²⁾

(1) Department of clinical psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Department of clinical psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of

150-163

Abstract : 267

PDF : 112
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.725
A Quasi-Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on Emotional Self-Regulation, Anxiety, and Sense of Coherence in Women with Breast Cancer

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.734

Negin Towsyfyan ⁽¹⁾, Neda Bahram Abadi ⁽²⁾, Mahsa Imani ⁽³⁾, Mahsa Mohammadifar ⁽⁴⁾, Hossein Rostami ⁽⁵⁾

(1) Ph.D. of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) M.A., Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) M.A., Department of Psychology, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(4) Postdoctoral Researcher in Psychosomatics, Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(5) Research Center for Cognitive & Behavioral Sciences in Police, Directorate of Health, Rescue & Treatment, Police Headquarters, Tehran, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of

164-171

Abstract : 202

PDF : 65
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.734
A Effectiveness of Health Protection Attitudes in Disease Prevention Among Nursing Students in Baghdad

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.775

Aysen Kamal M. Noori ⁽¹⁾

(1) Instructor, Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Baghdad, Iraq., Iraq

172-179

Abstract : 150

PDF : 58
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.775
Positive Psychotherapy’s Impact on Depression and Character Strengths in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v11i3.712

ROA’A HAMZAH AL-GBURI ⁽¹⁾, Murad Khadim ⁽²⁾, Mohammed Jasim Mohammed ⁽³⁾

(1) Senior Specialist / Psychiatry, F.I.B.M.S Psych. Imam Sadiq Hospital / Department of Psychiatry, Babylon health directorate, Babylon, Iraq. , Iraq ,

(2) Consultant Specialist / Interventional Cardiologist, F.I.B.M.S Cardiology, F.I.B.M.S Internal Medicine. Imam Sadiq Hospital / Babylon Cardiac Centre, Babylon, Iraq. , Iraq ,

(3) Babylon health directorate, Babylon, Iraq., Iraq

180-187

Abstract : 236

PDF : 20
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v11i3.712
Standardization of the Five-Factor Model of the Maher Multifaceted Fluid Test of Intelligence (MMFTI) for Fourth to Sixth-Grade Students (first version) based on Metacognition Theory

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.730

Aboutaleb Seadatee Shamir ⁽¹⁾

(1) Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Psychology and Personality, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit, Tehran, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of

188-200

Abstract : 199

PDF : 31
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.730
ADAPTATION OF THE BRIEF COPE SCALE FOR FEMALE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SURVIVORS

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.748

Diah Rahayu ⁽¹⁾, Hardiansyah ⁽²⁾, Primatia Yogi Wulandari ⁽³⁾, Hera Wahyuni ⁽⁴⁾, Zainal Abidin ⁽⁵⁾

(1) Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Univeristas mulawarman, Indonesia ,

(2) Univeristas mulawarman, Indonesia ,

(3) Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia ,

(4) Program Studi Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Trunojoyo, Indonesia ,

(5) Program Studi Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Trunojoyo, Indonesia

201-212

Abstract : 251

PDF : 139
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.748
The Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Impulsivity and Irrational Beliefs in Students

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.890

Babak Sasani ⁽¹⁾, Masoumeh Azemoudeh ⁽²⁾, Hossein Ebrahimi Moghadam ⁽³⁾, Seyyed Davoud Hoseini Nasab ⁽⁴⁾

(1) Ph.D. Student, Department of Psychology, Aras International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(4) Professor, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of

213-218

Abstract : 153

PDF : 7
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.890
The Impact of Internet Addiction on Self-Control and Sleep Quality in Adolescents: A Comparative Analysis

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.887

Seyyedeh Masoumeh Hoseini Alami ⁽¹⁾, Yarali Dousti ⁽²⁾

(1) M.A., Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of

219-225

Abstract : 123

PDF : 12
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.887
Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Reducing Emotional Processing Difficulties and Fear of Negative Evaluation in Shy Students

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.886

Nasim Naderi ⁽¹⁾, Bahram Mirzaian ⁽²⁾, Shaban Heydari ⁽³⁾

(1) M.A., Psychology Department, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Assistant Professor, Psychology Department, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Assistant Professor, Psychology Department, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of

226-233

Abstract : 148

PDF : 11
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.886
The Impact of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Forgiveness and Post-Traumatic Growth in Women Recovering from Marital Infidelity

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.889

Shatha Modaresi ⁽¹⁾, Sohail Rahimi ⁽²⁾

(1) M.A., Department of Psychology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) PhD of Psychology, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of

234-243

Abstract : 145

PDF : 12
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.889
Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Psychological Distress and Life Engagement in Couples Experiencing Marital Conflict

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.975

Masoumeh Zerang ⁽¹⁾, Shiva Kaveh Ahangari ⁽²⁾, Fatemeh Saberi ⁽³⁾, Zahra Sadat Javdani Iraninezhad ⁽⁴⁾, Pouran Abbasimofrad ⁽⁵⁾

(1) Master of General Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Master of General Psychology, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Master of General Psychology, Boroujen branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujen, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(4) Master of Educational Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(5) Master of General Psychology, Payam Noor Ramsar University, Ramsar, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of

244-249

Abstract : 192

PDF : 6
- PDF
DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.975
A Structural Model of Teaching Quality Based on Cognitive Ergonomics and Psychological Awareness Mediated by Classroom Social Interaction

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.980

Elham Rasouli ⁽¹⁾, Nahid Shafiee ⁽²⁾, Reza Kazemi ⁽³⁾

(1) PhD Student in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, I.C., Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, I.C., Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Islamshahr, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, I.C., Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of

250-257

Abstract : 106

PDF : 7
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.980
The Effectiveness of The Self-Monitoring of Attention Educational Program on Concentration and Cognitive Flexibility in Students with Specific Learning Disabilities

DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.968

Azade Ahmadi ⁽¹⁾, Alireza Zolfaghari ⁽²⁾, Mohammad Mahdi Jahangiri ⁽³⁾

(1) PhD in General Psychology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran. , Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(2) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Tuyserkan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tuyserkan, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of ,

(3) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran., Iran, Islamic Republic of

258-267

Abstract : 30

PDF : 6
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DOI : 10.61838/ijbmc.v12i1.968

Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): January-February

Current Issue

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Theoretical Study(ies)

Qualitative Study(ies)

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