Clinical Psychology

A Grounded-Theory Model of Work–Life Balance for Knowledge Workers in Post-Pandemic Remote Work in Iran

https://doi.org/10.61838/ijbmc.v13i2.972
Work–life balance remote work knowledge grounded theory post-pandemic Iran

Authors

  • Mansour Ghalbi Department of Psychology, Ar.C., Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
  • Alireza Zolfaghari
    Ar.zolfaghari@iau.ac.ir
    Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Tuyserkan, Iran.
  • Zabih Pirani Department of Psychology, Ar.C., Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026): February
Qualitative Study(ies)

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Objective: This study aimed to develop a qualitative, grounded-theory model of work–life balance (WLB) for knowledge workers engaged in remote work in Iran during the post-pandemic period.

Methods and Materials: Using a qualitative design within the interpretive paradigm, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 knowledge workers and academic experts selected through purposive snowball sampling—inclusion required at least 6 months of remote work experience during or after the pandemic. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s grounded-theory approach (open, axial, and selective coding)—constant comparison and memoing guided the analysis. Credibility was ensured through investigator triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing. Reliability was established through double coding of transcripts, resulting in high inter-coder agreement. The institutional review board granted ethical approval, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Findings: The coding process generated 304 initial open codes, which were consolidated into 71 axial codes and 24 selective codes. These codes were synthesized into a paradigm model that included causal conditions, contextual factors, intervening conditions, the core phenomenon, strategies, and consequences. Strategies such as flexible scheduling, boundary setting, and technology adaptation were identified as central mechanisms, with consequences including enhanced well-being, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment.

Conclusion: The study provides a contextualized model of WLB among knowledge workers in post-pandemic Iran. The findings emphasize the importance of both individual coping strategies and organizational policies in maintaining balance during remote work.