Toward a Stoic–TRINGA Moral Education Model: Evidence from Indonesian School Counselors
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Objective: This study explored Indonesian school counselors’ perceptions of moral challenges among Generation Z students and examined how counselors viewed a proposed integration of Stoic virtues with the TRINGA framework (Ngerti, Ngerasa, and Ngelakoni) for moral education.
Methods and Materials: A convergent mixed-methods design was used with 501 school counselors from four Indonesian provinces. Closed-ended responses were summarized descriptively. Open-ended responses yielded 271 analyzable responses and were examined using thematic coding by two researchers, supplemented by exploratory word-frequency analysis with Voyant Tools. Quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated during interpretation.
Findings: Counselors most frequently identified social-media and technology influence, limited manners/ethics, reduced empathy and social sensitivity, peer pressure, and limited understanding of moral values as perceived challenges. The reported raw agreement between coders ranged from 89% to 92%. Counselors commonly proposed values-based guidance, Stoic virtues, TRINGA-oriented activities, and moral-dilemma discussions, while also noting barriers such as limited time, insufficient teacher training, and inconsistent stakeholder understanding.
Conclusion: The findings support the Stoic–TRINGA framework as a counselor-informed conceptual model rather than a validated intervention. Direct student assessment, psychometric validation of the survey instrument, and experimental or longitudinal testing are needed before claims can be made about effects on students’ moral reasoning or behavior.
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